Gastrointestinal consequences of cesarean section birth: A systematic review of short- and long-term effects in infancy and beyond.

World J Clin Pediatr · 2026 · PMC13010891 · PMID 41884021

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantP = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Tanpowpong et al [ 68 ] reported a borderline significant risk of celiac disease (adjusted HR: 1.39, P = 0.06) in C-section births, with a higher risk when delivery occurred without labor (adjusted HR = 1.56, P = 0.046).

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