Inosine alleviates colorectal cancer liver metastasis by promoting M1 macrophage polarization and modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC13013416 · PMID 41890717

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

After treatment with IS, compared to the model group, the expression level of CYP26A1 in the IS-treated group was significantly restored ( P < 0.05), and CYP39A1 expression also showed an increasing trend.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In contrast, the expression levels of OLFM1 and PTGS2 were significantly suppressed ( P < 0.05), while BCL-2 expression exhibited a decreasing trend ( Figures 7A–E ).

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