Celecoxib and shikonin loaded dissolving microneedle exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective activity for osteoarthritis treatment.

Front Cell Dev Biol · 2026 · PMC13021894 · PMID 41909128

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Compared with the IL-1β treatment group, the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes treated with the SKN-CXB@MN was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes treated with the CXB@MN also showed a decreasing trend ( Figures 4C,D ).

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