Ethical Behavior in Organizations: Personal Values and the Moderating Role of Ethical Climate in Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

Behav Sci (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13023898 · PMID 41898051

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.070so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

For Hypothesis 2a, ST showed a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Wave 1 ( β = 0.385, p < 0.001), but was marginally significant in Wave 2 ( β = 0.211, p = 0.070).

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practically significantno p-value reported

Therefore, our findings (ranging from Δ R 2 = 0.016 to 0.20; see Table 5 ) are considered theoretically and practically significant. 5.

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