Unraveling the Effects of Freezing and Frozen Storage Temperatures on Hop Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidants.

Antioxidants (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13023950 · PMID 41897455

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Among the benzoic acid derivatives, both gallic acid and vanillic acid exhibited a decreasing trend over 360 days of storage across all temperatures.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Among the cinnamic acid derivatives, only caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were detected, and both showed an increasing trend after one month of storage at all the investigated temperatures.

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