Benchmarking Large Language Models on the Taiwan Neurology Board Examinations (2018-2024): A Comparative Evaluation of GPT-4o, GPT-o1, DeepSeek-V3, and DeepSeek-R1.

Bioengineering (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13024452 · PMID 41899833

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practically significantno p-value reported

GPT-o1—a streamlined and cost-efficient variant of GPT-4 developed by OpenAI—demonstrated statistically and practically significant superiority over both DeepSeek models in formats requiring factual precision (A-type) and logical consistency (K-type).

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