Real-World Impact of Initial Dual Bronchodilation on Exercise Physiological Response and Health-Related Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed, Treatment-Naïve Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Medicina (Kaunas) · 2026 · PMC13027422 · PMID 41901612

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0580

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

a trend toward significancep = 0.058so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Significant changes were observed in VO 2 (both absolute value and % pred.), with a trend toward significance noted for VO 2 per kilogram (VO 2 /kg; p = 0.058).

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a trend towards significancep < 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

While RV and FRC did not reduce significantly, there was a trend towards significance (both p < 0.07).

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