Save the injection needle for colorectal ESD: a multicenter feasibility study of the needleless injection technique using short-tip endoknife.

However, tumor morphology ( P = 0.183), proximal location ( P = 0.136), and hybrid ESD ( P = 0.644) are not statistically significant, indicating that these factors do not have a meaningful impact when considered individually. In the multivariable analysis, where adjustments are made for potential confounding variables, the endoscopist remains highly significant ( P < 0.001), indicating that the effect of the endoscopist on the outcome is robust even after accounting for other factors.

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