Effectiveness of parental presence during induction of anaesthesia in managing perioperative anxiety in children: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BMC Anesthesiol · 2026 · PMC13037229 · PMID 41731413

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a favorable trendno p-value reported

Although the addition of PPIA may show a favorable trend, it does not appear to confer a clear additive benefit beyond that achieved by MDZ alone.

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