a decreasing trendp < 0.01
an increasing trendp < 0.01
Under the deforestation since the 1970s, Amazon (15°S–0°, 40°W–80°W) surface air temperature has exhibited an increasing trend (0.26 °C per decade, p < 0.01), while precipitation has shown a decreasing trend (−0.15 mm day −1 per decade, p < 0.01, Fig. 1b , Supplementary Fig. 1 ).