a favorable trendP = 0.91
For PFS, stratification by study design showed consistent results: retrospective studies (HR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.58–4.73) and prospective studies (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.87–3.15) both indicated a favorable trend toward TARE, with no significant subgroup effect ( P = 0.91).