highly significantp < 0.01
The results showed that sex had a highly significant positive effect on pollen viability ( F 1,78 = 189.62, p < 0.01, Est = 58.02 ± 1.86); the four periods also had a highly significant effect on pollen viability ( F 3,78 = 216.35, p < 0.01, Est = 43.21 ± 1.28).