Multimorbidity patterns and their associations with healthcare services utilisation in inpatients with chronic hepatitis B infection from 2011 to 2023: a retrospective observational study.

BMJ Open · 2026 · PMC13052776 · PMID 41927293

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Among common liver-related multimorbidities, liver cirrhosis (K74, from 45.50% to 57.10%) and HCC (C22.0, from 13.10% to 17.10%) showed an increasing trend over time, while the alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD, from 6.43% to 5.97%) showed a declining trend.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

There was a decreasing trend observed over time in the median LOS (from 11.8 to 10.6 days), the proportion of patients with a high LOS (from 38.7% to 32.9%), and the rate of OYRL (from 77.6% to 72.0%).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.