highly significantp < 0.001
Management method significantly affected BD and SP ( p < 0.05) but not MC, while management duration exerted highly significant effects on all three parameters ( p < 0.001) ( Figure S1 and Table S1 ).
Management method significantly affected BD and SP ( p < 0.05) but not MC, while management duration exerted highly significant effects on all three parameters ( p < 0.001) ( Figure S1 and Table S1 ).
BD exhibited an increasing trend over time, while SP, MC, pH, and AN showed significant reductions.