GSK3i combinatorial treatments affect CDK4/6 and compensatory pathways in 3D preclinical models of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Consistently, compared to GSK3i or Ins/GSK3i, metformin led to a stronger and highly significant cell viability decrease in the patient-derived NET primary cultures ( n =2 pNETs, n =12 different abdominal lymph node metastases of a CUP-NET from the same patient), which has, in part, also been published previously ( Nolting et al., 2025 ).

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