Multi-objective optimization design of oil spray cooling system for hairpin motor based on particle swarm optimization-backpropagation-non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC13057008 · PMID 41772116

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extremely significantno p-value reported

The sensitivity of the nozzle diameter ( d n ) to temperature is 0.63 and 1.1 to pressure, the nozzle diameter ( d n ) has a direct impact on temperature and pressure, and its effect on pressure is extremely significant.

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