Artificial intelligence models: transforming early diagnosis and precise treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Pathomics- and Radiomics-Based Approaches During the last few decades, a notable trend has emerged in unimodal pathomics research concerning the analysis of H&E-stained WSIs: AI models for GI tract tumors are increasingly shifting from conventional single CNN architectures toward multi-module integrated transformer-based models, which enhance the modeling of complex TME regulatory mechanisms and further improve model performance in downstream prognostic prediction tasks (Fig. 4 ).

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