highly significantp = 0.0003
The Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric statistical method appropriate for this non-normally distributed data, identified highly significant overall differences among sample types for all major indices: observed richness (H = 20.9, p = 0.0003), estimated richness (Chao1, H = 20.9, p = 0.0003), Shannon diversity (H = 19.4, p = 0.0006), and Inverse Simpson diversity (H = 19.3, p = 0.0007) where H denotes the Kruskal–Wallis test statistic.