Effect of nurse-led intradialytic stretching exercises on muscle cramp burden among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC Nurs · 2026 · PMC13063644 · PMID 41803821

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0010

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The between-group difference at postintervention was large and highly significant (χ2 = 20.409; p < 0.001), which is consistent with a robust intervention effect (Table 6 ).

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