Assessment of the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM12 on depression in both in vitro and in vivo models.

Front Neurosci · 2026 · PMC13066235 · PMID 41972250

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The abundance of the potential pathogens c_ Clostridia (η 2 = 0.253, 95% CI: 0.000–0.502) and c_ Deltaproteobacteria (η 2 = 0.140, 95% CI: 0.000–0.385) showed an increasing trend in the CUMS group compared to that in the control group.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Assessment of the beneficial effects of &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus rhamnosus&lt;/i&gt; GM12 on depression in both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; models.

The sentences

Assessment of the beneficial effects of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GM12 on depression in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models.