highly significantp < 0.001
However, all glycated conjugates exhibited a highly significant decrease in α-helix content ( p < 0.001), dropping from 6.16 ± 0.21% (CGTPV) to 2.05 ± 0.06% (CSTPV), along with a corresponding increase in β-sheet content, from 32.12 ± 0.96% (CGTPV) to 37.42 ± 1.10% (CSTPV).