Sociodemography, diabetes mellitus clinical parameters, and retinal morphology as predictors of neurodegeneration in preclinical diabetic retinopathy.

Saudi J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMC13082546 · PMID 41994249

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0430

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP = 0.001actually significant

The difference in CRAE between the groups was highly significant ( F [2,107] =7.761, P = 0.001).

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borderline significanceP = 0.043actually significant

Interestingly, only CRAE reported a borderline significance where the mild NPDR group had 1.05 times the risk of having wider CRAE (OR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.002–1.105, P = 0.043).

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borderline significantno p-value reported

Our findings support the previous reports of borderline significant differences in CRAE between the groups, with the DM without DR group having thinner CRAE compared to the NPDR groups.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.