Sow behaviour, parturition process and management in free farrowing systems.

Porcine Health Manag · 2026 · PMC13085361 · PMID 41918042

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0530

boldest claim

The sentences

a tendency toward statistical significancep = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Specifically, the mean farrowing duration from the first to the fifth piglet was shorter in crated sows (67 ± 15 min) compared with free farrowing sows provided with limited (119 ± 14 min) or diverse (104 ± 17 min) nest-building material, with a tendency toward statistical significance ( p = 0.053).

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