Additionally, in the combined VPA and 4-PBA group, locomotor activity indicated a declining trend, whereas immobility time exhibited an increasing trend compared with the untreated group ( Figure 5 , locomotor activity and immobility duration). 3.5.
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Prenatal 4-phenylbutyric acid administration during mid-gestation ameliorates ASD-like behaviors by reducing cortical endoplasmic reticulum stress in VPA-induced ICR and BTBR mouse models.
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In terms of social behavior, the VPA mice exhibited a decreasing trend in the time spent approaching the acrylic plate compared with the untreated group, whereas the combined VPA and 4-PBA group spent more time approaching the plate than did the VPA group ( Figure 5 , social communication).