Dual-targeted manganese-doped carbon dots activate the cGAS-STING pathway and immunogenic cell death for potent glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Compared to the PBS and pure CDs groups, Mn-CDs induced a statistically significant increase in the phosphorylation levels of STING (p-STING, p < 0.05) and a highly significant upregulation of p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 (p < 0.0001) in both cell lines ( Fig. 5 C and D).

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