Hispidulin: A potential antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidant agent-mechanistic insights into its modulatory effects on PI3K, AKT, mTOR, IRS1, GSK-3β, and GLUT-4 pathways through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Iran J Basic Med Sci · 2026 · PMC13090975 · PMID 42004507

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hedged sentence

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closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP <0.001actually significant

However, hispidulin treatment showed a marked ( P <0.001) reduction in FBG levels starting from the second week, with highly significant differences observed by the end of the trial ( P <0.001).

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