Associations of prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and depression with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 7.5-month-old infants in the ECHO.CA.IL prospective birth cohorts.

Removing the small proportion of smokers ( N = 31) from the analysis had a moderate attenuating effect on the results (see Supplemental Table 3 ), with three of the four significant associations dropping below the threshold for significance—the association of SLE and Communication skills remained marginally significant) and some reduction in estimates across all tests of association, although all associations remained negative in direction.

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