highly significantP < 0.001
Statistical analysis confirmed these findings: ANOVA showed highly significant differences among groups ( P < 0.001) [ Table 1 ], and post hoc tests revealed that Groups 3 and 4 were both significantly superior to Groups 1 and 2, while no significant difference was noted between Groups 1 and 2, or between Groups 3 and 4 [Tables 2 and 3 ].