Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination and macrobenthos response in the Apies River, South Africa.

Interestingly, Cu showed an increasing trend from Site A to J (F = 415,70, p < 0.05) (Fig. 2 ), with Sites A to C showing concentration below the CCME ( 2001 ) of 35.70 mg/kg, and Sites D to J exhibiting concentration exceeding the guideline (Table 1 ).

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