For example, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in both males and females in the United States showed a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2017, in contrast to the increasing trend in most countries [ 7 ].
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National and provincial burden of interstitial lung disease mortality in China, 2013-2021: a nationwide analysis of trends and underlying cause of death.
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For example, while IPF mortality showed an increasing trend in most European countries between 2013 and 2018, data from the United States indicated a declining trend during the same period [ 1 , 7 , 18 ].