Dynamics of early gut microbiota maturation in extremely preterm infants and neurodevelopment at 2 years of age in a probiotic intervention trial.

The small and imbalanced sample size between the normal and impaired groups may have limited the statistical power of the study to detect significant differences, potentially explaining the isolated alpha-diversity significant results at 3 weeks of age, although an overall trend toward higher alpha-diversity during the first month of life in the normal group was observed.

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