Tri-Functional MgTA@MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanozymes Orchestrate Redox Defense, Angiogenesis, and Immunometabolism for Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration.

Driven by this successfully reprogrammed immunomodulatory niche, the localized expression of critical angiogenic and osteogenic markers, specifically VEGF and Osterix (OSX), was profoundly enhanced within the defect boundaries, demonstrating highly significant upregulation (P < 0.0001) compared to the control groups ( Figure 9E–H ).

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