ChatGPT-4.0 and Medical Students: A Recognition-Gated Comparative Evaluation on Image-Based Medical Examinations.

J Med Educ Curric Dev · 2026 · PMC13161637 · PMID 42131573

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

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closest p

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boldest claim

The sentences

practically significantno p-value reported

The performance gap remained statistically and practically significant, with a mean improvement of 14 percentage points and a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.03).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.