Global burden of lung cancer attributable to secondhand smoke (1990-2021) and predictive trends to 2035.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026 · PMC13166826 · PMID 42116364

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing ASR trend was inferred when both the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and the lower 95% CI bound exceeded zero; a decreasing trend was inferred when both the EAPC and the upper 95% CI bound were below zero.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Therefore, with the increase of cumulative effects, the number of deaths and DALYs caused by SHS-related lung cancer shows an increasing trend.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.