highly significantp < 0.001
As treatment progressed, the between-group differences became progressively significant: at T1, LysoPC(18:1) and arachidonic acid showed significant differences ( p < 0.01), while L-tryptophan and citric acid reached p < 0.05, and at T2, all four biomarkers showed highly significant between-group differences (LysoPC(18:1) and arachidonic acid: p < 0.001; L-tryptophan and citric acid: p < 0.01).