Caffeine citrate increases ciliary beat frequency in human respiratory epithelial cells.

We demonstrate a dose-dependent effect on hRECs by increasing exposure to 1, 5, and 10 mM caffeine citrate, resulting on average in highly significant CBF excitation of 14.2% ( n = 7; p = 0.009), 18.6% ( n = 6; p = 0.023), and 28.8%( n = 6; p = 0.014) over CBF b respectively (Fig. 1 d).

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