Comparative levels and time trends in blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index and smoking among Caucasian and South-Asian participants of a UK primary-care based cardiovascular risk factor screening programme.

For smoking, there was a positive interaction between test year and ethnicity in women (p = 0.032), indicating a convergence in smoking prevalence rates between the two groups (Table 4 , Model 3b), whilst for men, the p value was (0.093), which may be suggestive of an overall trend.

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In the UK and over the past two decades, the mean population values of total cholesterol and blood pressure have been decreasing, and the same has been true for the prevalence of current smoking; however, mean values of body mass index (BMI) manifest an increasing trend [ 3 ].

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