RGD-modified hollow mesoporous nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin for antitumor therapy in colon cancer.

After repeated dosing at cisplatin-equivalent levels, the RGD-HMnO2/CDDP group exhibited more pronounced modulation of serum cytokines, including increased IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α and a decreasing trend in IL-10, indicating a potential shift toward a more favorable antitumor immune milieu during treatment (Fig. 5 b).

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