Functional fiber supplementation improves reproductive performance in sows by reshaping gut microbial functions related to immunity and metabolic health.

Notably, the Oscillospiraceae (MAGs_1442 and 900) exhibited highly significant positive correlations (ρ > 0.8, P < 0.001) with the six aforementioned metabolic and immune-related pathways (e.g., antigen processing and presentation, Th17 cell differentiation), while being negatively correlated with biofilm formation.

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