Accounting for health expenditures, migration, and CO₂ emissions in the EU: a bidirectional analysis.

Front Public Health · 2026 · PMC13190394 · PMID 42180492

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hedged sentence

0.0590

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0590

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In the short run, the effects are more limited: the first-differenced health expenditure coefficient is negative but not statistically significant ( p = 0.231), whereas the first-differenced migration coefficient is positive and marginally significant ( p = 0.059).

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