Toward Participatory Precision Health With Co-Designed Recommendations: Systematic Review of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Two RCTs reported promising mental health effects, with one trial observing significant reductions in depressive symptoms ( β =−0.34; P =.004), anxiety symptoms ( β =−0.10; P =.01), and perceived stress ( β =−0.18; P =.04), while another found greater reductions in anxiety than in the control group (General Anxiety Disorder 7-item [GAD-7] scale: F 1,51 =9.06; P =.004; d =0.61), with a nonsignificant trend for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item [PHQ-8] scale: F 1,51 =3.21; P =.08; d =0.50) [ 70 79 ].

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There is an overall trend of basing adaptive content on theories related to promoting AYAs’ levels of motivation and self-efficacy, cognitive and behavioral change states, although the specific application of these principles varies by context.

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