Breast Cancer Burden in BRICS Countries Attributable to Smoking, High Alcohol Use, High Body Mass Index, and Low Physical Activity, 1990-2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 and Mendelian Randomization.

Int J Womens Health · 2026 · PMC13197606 · PMID 42183404

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The EAPC was then derived using the formula: (2) Positive EAPC values, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) excluding zero, indicated an increasing trend, while negative values indicated a decline.

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