Relationship between sleep disorders and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with allergic rhinitis: a dual perspective analysis of person-centered and variable-centered on the role of social isolation.

Although traditional variable-centered methods can provide an overall trend, they often mask subgroup differences ( 44 , 45 ), for instance, adolescents with high sleep disorders-high social isolation may exhibit stronger non-suicidal self-injury tendencies, unlike those with low sleep disorders-low social isolation.

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This suggests a decreasing trend in non-suicidal self-injury with higher educational attainment, implying that younger participants with lower educational levels may face greater risk.

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