Global, regional, and national burden of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking, 1990-2021: A secondary dataset analysis of GBD 2021.

Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMC13200591 · PMID 42199517

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Despite the increase in LOCC deaths caused by smoking, the ASMR showed a decreasing trend, with the number of deaths, death percentages, and ASMR among females all significantly lower than among males.

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