A phase II study of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy with short-course radiotherapy as induction treatment for unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: PALADIN trial.

13 In contrast, another randomized phase II trial ( n = 101) comparing induction chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus induction DCF highlighted the importance of radiotherapy (RT) for effective local control and survival improvement for unresectable LAESCC (cT4b); a favorable trend in 2-year OS for the CRT group (55.1% versus 34.7%, P = 0.11), although not statistically significant. 14 While R0 resection rates were similar (∼77%) and distant metastasis tended to be less frequent with DCF, induction CRT significantly reduced locoregional recurrence (local: 8% versus 30%, P = 0.03; regional: 8% versus 37%, P = 0.002).

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