Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Cardiovascular Toxicities in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Pathways with AI-Assisted Literature Clustering.

The gene ratio shows that “Inflammatory bowel disease,” “T cell receptor signaling pathway,” “Th17 cell differentiation,” and “JAK–STAT signaling pathway” not only have highly significant p -values but also capture the largest fractions of the network, with gene ratios around 0.30–0.36 and overlaps of 20–22 genes. “Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction” shows the highest absolute overlap (k = 25) despite a slightly lower gene ratio, emphasizing its role as one of the most recurrent enriched signaling categories.

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