Beyond the placebo effect: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis of treatment strategies for vulvodynia.

BMC Womens Health · 2026 · PMC13214167 · PMID 41975391

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of borderline significanceno p-value reported

4); in the NMA, this effect was of borderline significance (POMP = 13.4, 95% CI = −0.3, 27, mixed evidence, low confidence) (Fig. 4 C).

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borderline significantno p-value reported

Regarding sexual function outcomes, tissue-based treatments showed borderline significant improvement immediately post-treatment, while psychological interventions added to multimodal treatment demonstrated benefit at medium-term follow-up.

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