Efficacy of single-inhaler triple therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BMC Pulm Med · 2026 · PMC13217999 · PMID 41998645

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borderline significantno p-value reported

FF/VIL/UMEC and free triple therapy (ICS/LABA+LAMA) showed borderline significant improvement in the total SGRQ score to BDP/FOR/GLY.

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borderline significanceno p-value reported

ICS/LABA reduced adverse effects rates versus FF/VIL/UMEC (RR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.14) and BUD/FOR/GLY (RR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.11) with borderline significance.

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