In summer, the MGE detection rate increased sharply from 68% (IW3) to 95% (EW3), differing from the other two seasons; ist-type elements, transposase genes, and insertion sequences all showed increased abundance in EW3, with IS91 and tnpA increasing by 4.4-fold (230.36 to 305.85 for IS91 ) and 4.6-fold, respectively, while intI1 showed a decreasing trend consistent with that in spring.
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Control efficacy and groundwater risk of antibiotic resistance genes in semi-arid landfill leachate treatment: seasonal insights and engineering implications.
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