Economic vulnerability or social inequality? A global comparative analysis of their relative impact on chronic kidney disease burden.

Front Public Health · 2026 · PMC13220820 · PMID 42221658

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

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closest p · 0.0× alpha

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highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The healthcare capacity times inequality interaction was highly significant ( β = 0.69 , p < 0.001), formally confirming that diagnostic infrastructure moderates the inequality-CKD relationship—the detection bias hypothesis.

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